Simulation of the efficiency of cdscigs tandem multi. Jan 08, 2014 this is the second filter in the process selection. The efilm is made out of customizable array of serial connected cigs thin film solar. Production of thinfilm solar cells production of thinfilm solar cells depends on the kind of cell being manufactured. Submitted for publication in hydrometallurgy contribution report paper iiv all experimental work, data treatment, evaluation and major part of writing of the manuscripts. Thin film solar cells solar cells, or photovoltaic devices, are devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity. Future cost reduction opportunities cesa member webinar. A copper indium gallium selenide solar cell or cigs cell, sometimes cigs or cis cell is a thinfilm solar cell used to convert sunlight into electric power. Cis family solar panel manufacturers companies involved in cis solar panel production, a key thinfilm panel technology. Sunflares new ultrathin solar wallpaper can stick to any. Solar cell efficiency refers to the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted via photovoltaics into electricity by the solar cell the efficiency of the solar cells used in a photovoltaic system, in combination with latitude and climate, determines the annual energy output of the system.
This state, known as an exciton, has a lower energy than an unbound electron and hole 2. The first cuinse2 solar cells by evaporating ntype cds onto ptype single crystals of cuinse2 by shay et al. Nrel has significant capabilities in copper indium gallium diselenide cigs thinfilm photovoltaic research and device development. Numerical simulation shows that the maximum efficiency of this solar cell is equal to 48. Modeling and optimization of cigs solar cell module.
Copper indium gallium diselenide abbreviated cigs is a thin film solar cell based on the copper indium diselenide cis family of chalcopyrite semiconductors. Solar cells based on thin film semiconductor are another technology with great potential. As a matter of fact, electrodeposition is known as a practical alternative to costly vacuumbased technologies for semiconductor processing in the. Cell interconnect stainless steel molybdenum cigs absorber ito. Theoretical limits of photovoltaics efficiency and possible. S2 cigs2 thinfilm solar cells are of interest for space power applications because of the near optimum bandgap for am0 solar radiation in space. Space systems space solar panels spacecraft charging. Properties of highefficiency cigs thinfilm solar cells kannan ramanathan, james keane, and rommel noufi national center for photovoltaics, national renewable energy laboratory, 1617 cole boulevard, golden co 80401. Detailed profile including pictures, certification details and manufacturer pdf. Sunflares new ultrathin solar wallpaper can stick to. Thinfilm copper indium gallium selenide solar cell based on. The average thickness of multi an mono csi solar cell is around 170 micrometer in 2014, according to international technology roadmap for photovoltaic itrpv.
Finally, simulations are performed to optimize the performance of the cigs solar cell module with respect to e ciency. Solar cells produce direct current electricity from sunlight which can be used to. Solar cell parameters and equivalent circuit tu delft. Reducing the amount of photovoltaic material used in solar cell production is a common goal. Explaining this selection requires a little diversion into solar cell device physics. Pdf copper indium gallium selenide based solar cells a.
The power generating part of a solidstate solar cell consists of a semiconductor that. Cigsbased thinfilm solar modules represent a highefficiency alternative for largescale, commercial solar modules. Doe supports innovative research focused on overcoming the current technological and commercial barriers for copper indium gallium diselenide cuin x ga 1xse 2, or cigs, solar cells. In the solar cell field, development of simple, lowcost, and lowtemperature fabrication processes has become an important trend for energysaving and environmental issues. Cost has been the biggest barrier to widespread adoption of solar technology. Although cigs solar cells are considered to be in the early stages of largescale commercialization, they can be produced by.
Cigs2 thin film solar cells on flexible stainless steel ss may be able to increase the specific power by. Tsmc ts cigs 140155 solar panel datasheet enf panel. Aug 26, 2015 cigs solar cell production3 4 i film production the most common vacuumbased process is to coevaporate or cosputter copper, gallium, and indium onto a substrate at room temperature, then anneal the resulting film with a selenide vapor. This standard addresses only surface discharges on solar panels. Department of energy, office of energy efficiency and renewable energy, operated by the alliance for sustainable energy, llc. A dyesensitized solar cell dssc, dsc or dysc 11 is a lowcost solar cell belonging to the group of thin film solar cells12. Solar cells manufactured from wafers of crystalline or polycrystalline silicon are today the dominant technology in the commercial market. While for standalone perovskite solar cells, a fundamentally new value chain needs to be. Tsmc shutting down its cigs thinfilm solar manufacturing what companies are still making cigs solar panels. Solar cell efficiency refers to the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted. Cigs solar cell minimodules, with an aperture area of 80cm2 and cell widths of 3mm, 5mm, 7mm and 9mm, manufactured at uppsala. Notice that there are two basic configurations of the cigs solar cell. Copper indium gallium selenide cigs based solar cells are receiving worldwide attention for solar power generation.
Once production of your article has started, you can track the status of your article via track your accepted article. Novel lowcost parabolic trough solar collector with tpct heat pipe and solar tracker. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Net energy analysis for sustainable energy production from silicon based solar cells pdf. Copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cells intechopen. Panels, each containing 10 organic solar modulescells, were fabricated and installed for outdoor exposure in eight different countries for 4. This standard covers solar array panels made of crystalline silicon, gaas or multijunction solar cells.
If you do not already have an account you will need to register here. The leader in flexible, powerful, lightweight solar. Modelling and optimization of cigs solar cell modules. First solar fs series 2 pv modules represent the latest advancements in solar module technology, and are rapidly driving the cost of solar electricity to rates comparable. Thin film deposition methods for cuinse2 solar cells. Photovoltaics pv is the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that. Explaining this selection requires a little diversion into solarcell device physics. Copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cells. Th e innovative solar cell is based on the highest e. Most enterprises favour the crystalline technology because of former problems. It was found that cell performance with the zns buffer layer was inferior compared to that with the cds buffer layer. The absorber the cigs layer in a solar cell is where the action is.
This is the second filter in the process selection. Cigs solar cell, thinfilm photovoltaic device that uses semiconductor layers of copper indium gallium selenide cigs to absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity. Conceptually, the semiconductors are not essential to realize photovoltaic effect though they are used in all solar cells now. High power density in a flexible form factor aperture e. Traditional siliconwafer solar panels require a complex, timeconsuming manufacturing process that drives up the perwatt cost of electricity. The device efficiency was measured by the cell performance characterization group at nrel official measurements. Based upon the intrinsic features of thin film solar cells short energy payback time and minimum use of high purity materials thin film solar cells produce electricity at cost below conventional energy sources. The market at present is on the verge of switching to a second generation of thin film solar cell technology which offers prospects for a large. Silicon has history on its side, but the future may lie in cigs. The simulation standard page 6 january, february, march 2010 modeling and optimization of cigs solar cell module figure 1. The cigsonglass cell requires a layer of molybdenum to create an effective electrode.
A fraction a of the solar irradiance incident on an opaque photovoltaic pv solar cell is absorbed and converted into electricity and heat and the remaining fraction. Figure out the difference of mono and polycrystalline silicon solar cell. They are efficient thin film solar cells that have achieved 22. Energy from incident light creates the electronhole pairs or excitons in the case of. The solar energy as one of the new energy sources and a regenerated energy is abundant and pollutionfree. Cigs2 thin film solar cells on flexible stainless steel ss may be able to increase the specific power by an order of magnitude from the current level of 65 wkg 1. Thinfilm photovoltaic cell manufacturers in the world. Copper indium gallium diselenide solar cells photovoltaic. Cigsbased solar cells prepared from electrodeposited. Highlights of the technologies challenges acknowledgement. For example, a solar panel with 20% efficiency and an area of 1 m 2 will produce 200. Solar cell devices were fabricated from these absorber materials. Miasole cigs solar cell key features copper indium gallium diselenide cigs solar cells. Perovskite solar cells represent the fastestadvancing solar technology to date, due to a rapid increase in.
Numerical modeling of graded bandgap cigs solar celle for. This goal has driven first solar to become one of the fastest growing manufacturers of solar modules in the world. What is the typical thickness of modern crystalline. Cigsbased tandem solar cells iwcigstech 7 june 23rd, 2016. Interfaces limit the energy conversion efficiencies and scaleup of generation iii solar cells. Materials science and technology 2 efficiency potential of cuin,gase. Photovoltaics report fraunhoferinstitut fur solare energiesysteme. History of solar cell development it has now been 175 years since 1839 when alexandre edmond becquerel observes the photovoltaic pv effect via an electrode in a conductive solution exposed to. Cigs solar cell production3 4 i film production the most common vacuumbased process is to coevaporate or cosputter copper, gallium, and indium onto a substrate at room temperature, then anneal the resulting film with a selenide vapor. Cigs solar cell with mbegrown zns buffer layer sciencedirect. From a carpet of nanorods to a thin film solar cell absorber within a few seconds. Another process is to coevaporate copper, gallium, indium and selenium onto a heated substrate.
Because the material has a high absorption coefficient. This extra layer isnt necessary in the cigsonfoil cell because the metal foil acts as the electrode. In its simplest form, a solar cell is a largearea pn junction. If the carbon footprint is also taken into account there is a clear advantage of thin film solar cells and a real chance.
Perovskite solar cells european commission europa eu. The absorption factor of crystalline silicon pv cells materials. Cis and cigs are often used interchangeably within the ciscigs community. High efficiency cdte and cigs thin film solar cells. Global market outlook for photovoltaics 20142018 pdf. Copper indium gallium diselenide department of energy. The main parameters that are used to characterise the performance of solar cells are the peak power pmax, the shortcircuit current density jsc, the open circuit. The karlsruhe institute of technology kit, the schwabisch hallbased enterprise nice solar energy, and the centre for solar energy and hydrogen research badenwurttemberg zsw have joined forces in this project with the zsw acting as coordinator. Find out about how production of thinfilm solar cells is done. Materials science and technology 2 efficiency potential of cuin,gase 2 thin film solar cells laboratory for thin films and photovoltaics buecheler iw cigstech 7 jsc.
Copper indium gallium selenide cigs solar cells have attracted much attention due to the high absorption coefficient, tunable band gap energy, and high efficiency. Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells wikipedia. Cigs thinfilm photovoltaics the time to invest is now. Commercial flexible cigs technology global solar energy, inc urs schoop iw.
Cuinse 2 and other cu chalcopyrites can be prepared by a variety of methods, ranging from physical vapor deposition methods such as evaporation and sputtering to low. These parameters define the performance of a solar cell. Most photovoltaic devices solar cells sold in the market today are based on silicon wafers, the socalled first generation technology. Here, the light is absorbed and, through the photovoltaic effect, an electronhole pair is created. Thinfilm copper indium gallium selenide solar cell based. Starting from the results regarding a nonvacuum technique to fabricate cigs thin films for solar cells by means of singlestep electrodeposition, we focus on the methodological problems of modeling at cell structure and photovoltaic module levels. Cigs solar cells are superior to the conventional silicon and gallium arsenide solar cells in the space radiation environment. In this study, the effect of cell temperature on the photovoltaic parameters of monocrystalline silicon solar cell is undertaken. Department of energy, office of energy efficiency and renewable energy, operated bythe alliance for sustainable energy, llc.
It is manufactured by depositing a thin layer of copper, indium, gallium and selenium on glass or plastic backing, along with electrodes on the front and back to collect current. A list of current projects, summary of the benefits, and discussion on the production and manufacturing of this solar technology are below. National renewable energy laboratory national center for photovoltaics. Photovoltaic technology for cigs and related materials. Cis cigs solar cell device technology is now days becoming most tempting within thin film solar cell tfsc technologies due to mutual interest in lowcost precursor materials and lowcost. A study on photovoltaic parameters of monocrystalline. Tsmc shutting down its cigs thinfilm solar manufacturing. Thin film cigs solar cells, photovoltaic modules, and the. Cigs solar cell structure is a nthe type semiconductor ona ptype semiconductor along with a back electrical.
Solar pv manufacturing costs alan goodrich, michael woodhouse, ted james nrel is a national laboratory of the u. Preliminary specification sheet cigs thin film solar modules. A thinfilm solar cell is a second generation solar cell that is made by depositing one or more. The layers that make up the two nonsilicon thin film solar cells are shown below. Due to multiple reflections, the effective optical path for absorption is much larger than the conventional solar cell. Properties of high efficiency cigs thinfilm solar cells.
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