Cis and cigs are often used interchangeably within the ciscigs community. The simulation standard page 6 january, february, march 2010 modeling and optimization of cigs solar cell module figure 1. Cigsbased solar cells prepared from electrodeposited. Production of thinfilm solar cells production of thinfilm solar cells depends on the kind of cell being manufactured. Solar cells manufactured from wafers of crystalline or polycrystalline silicon are today the dominant technology in the commercial market.
The average thickness of multi an mono csi solar cell is around 170 micrometer in 2014, according to international technology roadmap for photovoltaic itrpv. Most enterprises favour the crystalline technology because of former problems. Copper indium gallium diselenide department of energy. The market at present is on the verge of switching to a second generation of thin film solar cell technology which offers prospects for a large. This extra layer isnt necessary in the cigsonfoil cell because the metal foil acts as the electrode. It was found that cell performance with the zns buffer layer was inferior compared to that with the cds buffer layer. Materials science and technology 2 efficiency potential of cuin,gase.
In its simplest form, a solar cell is a largearea pn junction. Solar cell efficiency refers to the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted. Silicon has history on its side, but the future may lie in cigs. While for standalone perovskite solar cells, a fundamentally new value chain needs to be.
Cigs solar cell structure is a nthe type semiconductor ona ptype semiconductor along with a back electrical. Sunflares new ultrathin solar wallpaper can stick to. Th e innovative solar cell is based on the highest e. Copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cells. A fraction a of the solar irradiance incident on an opaque photovoltaic pv solar cell is absorbed and converted into electricity and heat and the remaining fraction. Cigs2 thin film solar cells on flexible stainless steel ss may be able to increase the specific power by. The device efficiency was measured by the cell performance characterization group at nrel official measurements. The layers that make up the two nonsilicon thin film solar cells are shown below.
Miasole cigs solar cell key features copper indium gallium diselenide cigs solar cells. Sunflares new ultrathin solar wallpaper can stick to any. Cigs solar cell production3 4 i film production the most common vacuumbased process is to coevaporate or cosputter copper, gallium, and indium onto a substrate at room temperature, then anneal the resulting film with a selenide vapor. Properties of highefficiency cigs thinfilm solar cells kannan ramanathan, james keane, and rommel noufi national center for photovoltaics, national renewable energy laboratory, 1617 cole boulevard, golden co 80401. For example, a solar panel with 20% efficiency and an area of 1 m 2 will produce 200. Energy from incident light creates the electronhole pairs or excitons in the case of. Photovoltaics pv is the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that.
Notice that there are two basic configurations of the cigs solar cell. Highlights of the technologies challenges acknowledgement. Because the material has a high absorption coefficient. A copper indium gallium selenide solar cell or cigs cell, sometimes cigs or cis cell is a thinfilm solar cell used to convert sunlight into electric power.
Photovoltaics report fraunhoferinstitut fur solare energiesysteme. Commercial flexible cigs technology global solar energy, inc urs schoop iw. Tsmc shutting down its cigs thinfilm solar manufacturing what companies are still making cigs solar panels. Copper indium gallium diselenide solar cells photovoltaic. Cigsbased tandem solar cells iwcigstech 7 june 23rd, 2016. The power generating part of a solidstate solar cell consists of a semiconductor that. Panels, each containing 10 organic solar modulescells, were fabricated and installed for outdoor exposure in eight different countries for 4. Properties of high efficiency cigs thinfilm solar cells. Cigs solar cells are superior to the conventional silicon and gallium arsenide solar cells in the space radiation environment. Net energy analysis for sustainable energy production from silicon based solar cells pdf. Modeling and optimization of cigs solar cell module. Simulation of the efficiency of cdscigs tandem multi.
Thin film cigs solar cells, photovoltaic modules, and the. Cigs solar cell with mbegrown zns buffer layer sciencedirect. This goal has driven first solar to become one of the fastest growing manufacturers of solar modules in the world. Solar pv manufacturing costs alan goodrich, michael woodhouse, ted james nrel is a national laboratory of the u. Numerical modeling of graded bandgap cigs solar celle for. Cigs solar cell minimodules, with an aperture area of 80cm2 and cell widths of 3mm, 5mm, 7mm and 9mm, manufactured at uppsala. Materials science and technology 2 efficiency potential of cuin,gase 2 thin film solar cells laboratory for thin films and photovoltaics buecheler iw cigstech 7 jsc. National renewable energy laboratory national center for photovoltaics. Based upon the intrinsic features of thin film solar cells short energy payback time and minimum use of high purity materials thin film solar cells produce electricity at cost below conventional energy sources.
These parameters define the performance of a solar cell. Here, the light is absorbed and, through the photovoltaic effect, an electronhole pair is created. Figure out the difference of mono and polycrystalline silicon solar cell. The karlsruhe institute of technology kit, the schwabisch hallbased enterprise nice solar energy, and the centre for solar energy and hydrogen research badenwurttemberg zsw have joined forces in this project with the zsw acting as coordinator. Space systems space solar panels spacecraft charging. Finally, simulations are performed to optimize the performance of the cigs solar cell module with respect to e ciency. Pdf copper indium gallium selenide based solar cells a. What is the typical thickness of modern crystalline. In this study, the effect of cell temperature on the photovoltaic parameters of monocrystalline silicon solar cell is undertaken. Thinfilm copper indium gallium selenide solar cell based on. Copper indium gallium selenide cigs solar cells have attracted much attention due to the high absorption coefficient, tunable band gap energy, and high efficiency. Solar cell efficiency refers to the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted via photovoltaics into electricity by the solar cell the efficiency of the solar cells used in a photovoltaic system, in combination with latitude and climate, determines the annual energy output of the system. Once production of your article has started, you can track the status of your article via track your accepted article. This is the second filter in the process selection.
The efilm is made out of customizable array of serial connected cigs thin film solar. Photovoltaic technology for cigs and related materials. Detailed profile including pictures, certification details and manufacturer pdf. It is manufactured by depositing a thin layer of copper, indium, gallium and selenium on glass or plastic backing, along with electrodes on the front and back to collect current.
A list of current projects, summary of the benefits, and discussion on the production and manufacturing of this solar technology are below. A thinfilm solar cell is a second generation solar cell that is made by depositing one or more. Cis family solar panel manufacturers companies involved in cis solar panel production, a key thinfilm panel technology. Starting from the results regarding a nonvacuum technique to fabricate cigs thin films for solar cells by means of singlestep electrodeposition, we focus on the methodological problems of modeling at cell structure and photovoltaic module levels. The cigsonglass cell requires a layer of molybdenum to create an effective electrode.
Thinfilm photovoltaic cell manufacturers in the world. High efficiency cdte and cigs thin film solar cells. The leader in flexible, powerful, lightweight solar. Cuinse 2 and other cu chalcopyrites can be prepared by a variety of methods, ranging from physical vapor deposition methods such as evaporation and sputtering to low. If you do not already have an account you will need to register here. This state, known as an exciton, has a lower energy than an unbound electron and hole 2. Thinfilm copper indium gallium selenide solar cell based. They are efficient thin film solar cells that have achieved 22. Copper indium gallium selenide cigs based solar cells are receiving worldwide attention for solar power generation. Reducing the amount of photovoltaic material used in solar cell production is a common goal. Cis cigs solar cell device technology is now days becoming most tempting within thin film solar cell tfsc technologies due to mutual interest in lowcost precursor materials and lowcost. Numerical simulation shows that the maximum efficiency of this solar cell is equal to 48. First solar fs series 2 pv modules represent the latest advancements in solar module technology, and are rapidly driving the cost of solar electricity to rates comparable.
The absorber the cigs layer in a solar cell is where the action is. Preliminary specification sheet cigs thin film solar modules. Tsmc ts cigs 140155 solar panel datasheet enf panel. Interfaces limit the energy conversion efficiencies and scaleup of generation iii solar cells. Perovskite solar cells represent the fastestadvancing solar technology to date, due to a rapid increase in. This standard addresses only surface discharges on solar panels. S2 cigs2 thinfilm solar cells are of interest for space power applications because of the near optimum bandgap for am0 solar radiation in space. Conceptually, the semiconductors are not essential to realize photovoltaic effect though they are used in all solar cells now. Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells wikipedia. Cell interconnect stainless steel molybdenum cigs absorber ito.
As a matter of fact, electrodeposition is known as a practical alternative to costly vacuumbased technologies for semiconductor processing in the. Due to multiple reflections, the effective optical path for absorption is much larger than the conventional solar cell. Cigsbased thinfilm solar modules represent a highefficiency alternative for largescale, commercial solar modules. Thin film deposition methods for cuinse2 solar cells. Future cost reduction opportunities cesa member webinar. The absorption factor of crystalline silicon pv cells materials. Thin film solar cells solar cells, or photovoltaic devices, are devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity. Another process is to coevaporate copper, gallium, indium and selenium onto a heated substrate. Explaining this selection requires a little diversion into solarcell device physics. Department of energy, office of energy efficiency and renewable energy, operated bythe alliance for sustainable energy, llc. Novel lowcost parabolic trough solar collector with tpct heat pipe and solar tracker. The solar energy as one of the new energy sources and a regenerated energy is abundant and pollutionfree.
Solar cell parameters and equivalent circuit tu delft. If the carbon footprint is also taken into account there is a clear advantage of thin film solar cells and a real chance. Solar cells based on thin film semiconductor are another technology with great potential. Department of energy, office of energy efficiency and renewable energy, operated by the alliance for sustainable energy, llc. High power density in a flexible form factor aperture e. History of solar cell development it has now been 175 years since 1839 when alexandre edmond becquerel observes the photovoltaic pv effect via an electrode in a conductive solution exposed to. Global market outlook for photovoltaics 20142018 pdf. Cigs thinfilm photovoltaics the time to invest is now. The main parameters that are used to characterise the performance of solar cells are the peak power pmax, the shortcircuit current density jsc, the open circuit. Traditional siliconwafer solar panels require a complex, timeconsuming manufacturing process that drives up the perwatt cost of electricity. Perovskite solar cells european commission europa eu. Copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cells intechopen. Copper indium gallium diselenide abbreviated cigs is a thin film solar cell based on the copper indium diselenide cis family of chalcopyrite semiconductors. This standard covers solar array panels made of crystalline silicon, gaas or multijunction solar cells.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. A study on photovoltaic parameters of monocrystalline. Most photovoltaic devices solar cells sold in the market today are based on silicon wafers, the socalled first generation technology. Jan 08, 2014 this is the second filter in the process selection. Solar cell devices were fabricated from these absorber materials. Explaining this selection requires a little diversion into solar cell device physics.
Modelling and optimization of cigs solar cell modules. Find out about how production of thinfilm solar cells is done. From a carpet of nanorods to a thin film solar cell absorber within a few seconds. Cigs2 thin film solar cells on flexible stainless steel ss may be able to increase the specific power by an order of magnitude from the current level of 65 wkg 1. Aug 26, 2015 cigs solar cell production3 4 i film production the most common vacuumbased process is to coevaporate or cosputter copper, gallium, and indium onto a substrate at room temperature, then anneal the resulting film with a selenide vapor. Submitted for publication in hydrometallurgy contribution report paper iiv all experimental work, data treatment, evaluation and major part of writing of the manuscripts. The first cuinse2 solar cells by evaporating ntype cds onto ptype single crystals of cuinse2 by shay et al. Theoretical limits of photovoltaics efficiency and possible. Doe supports innovative research focused on overcoming the current technological and commercial barriers for copper indium gallium diselenide cuin x ga 1xse 2, or cigs, solar cells. Tsmc shutting down its cigs thinfilm solar manufacturing.
418 1628 637 1046 1272 1022 1195 486 107 8 1176 461 858 1298 1594 302 1670 1406 1599 370 189 62 571 1447 436 1102 663 918 1429 1332 616